# Chapter 17 - The Genetic Code - H. influenzae was the first genome sequenced (1995) - E. coli was later sequenced (1997) - Stop codons can be overridden - ChIp uses a specific antibody to pull-down your protein of interest bound to specific DNA - Genus → Species → Strain - The redundancy found within the genetic code is actually well thought out - Position 34 of the tRNA anticodon is often modified - it is position 1 of the anti-codon - may contain inosine - Codons (61) → tRNA → Amino Acids (20-22) - The important thing to note is that there are less tRNA than there are codons. There isn’t a unique tRNA for every single combination of bases ($4^3=64$). The ability for tRNA for cover multiple of these possible codons comes from the concept of the wobble position **Supressor Mutations:** - Intragenic: mutation at a different site in the same gene (within) - Intergenic: mutation occurs in a different gene (across) - Mutations can also occur in tRNA (uh oh, thats not good!) - Neutral selection (example being SNPs) - Open Reading Frame (ORF) is the region on the mRNA that encodes a polypeptide --- - The addition of an amino acid to a tRNA molecule requires an ATP ![[Chapter 17 - The Genetic Code.png|300]] > [!question] Why are we monkeys > Contentsa