# Genes The coding (sense) strand is the DNA strand that has the same sequence as the mRNA and is complementary to the noncoding (nonsense) strandm which is used as the template in transcription. ## Relationships Between Genes | Name | Description | Example | | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | | Homologs | Two or more sequences that descend from a *common ancestral sequence*. They are the results of divergent evolution. | | | Orthologs | result of speciation events | Hemoglobin in humans vs in other mammals (mice) | | Paralogs | result of homologous sequences that have diverged within one species (as a result of duplication) | Hemoglobin A vs Hemoglobin B in different humans | | Xenologs | result of horizontal gene transfer | | | Gametologs | The genes in sex chromosomes that have recombined | | | | | | ![[Pasted image 20240514012412.png|400]] | Type | Description | | -------- | ----------- | | Paralog | | | Ortholog | | | Isoform | | | | | Phenotype Genotype Haplotype Linked Genes