> See also: > - [[Genetics.canvas]] > - [[Biotechnology.canvas]] # Molecular Biology **Molecular biology** is the study of molecular processes to understand cell function and information exchange. It also includes: - Expression, repair, recombination, and control of genetic information - Structure/function of proteins - Kinetics, thermodynamics, and energetics > [!hint] **The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology** > ![[Pasted image 20230508042932.png|300]] The scientific community has uncovered extensive biological pathways over the years. - These interactions between proteins and other biological molecules can often require a scientist to dedicate their life to studying it before it is fully understood ## Applications of Molecular Biology Some of the key techniques and tools used in molecular biology include: - Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplifying DNA - Gel electrophoresis for separating DNA fragments - DNA sequencing for determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule - Cloning for replicating genes or entire organisms - CRISPR-Cas9 for gene editing Molecular biology has many applications, including: - Diagnosis and treatment of genetic disorders - Studying the mechanisms of diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease - Development of new drugs and therapies - Genetic engineering of crops and livestock Overall, molecular biology plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of life at the cellular level and has many practical applications in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology.