> See also: > - Reference # Organic Nomenclature (IUPAC) ## Basics of Organic Compound Nomenclature There are four basic steps to be taken when naming organic compounds: 1. Identify and name the parent 2. Identify and name substituents 3. Assign a locant to each substituent 4. Assemble the substituents alphabetically ![[Pasted image 20230301001013.png|400]] 5. The parent name indicates the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain 6. The suffix indicates what functional group is present 7. The prefix tells us the identity ### Choosing a Parent Chain You always want to select a parent chain containing as many of the functional groups present as possible (ideally all of them), even if there may be a longer carbon chain present. the longest carbon chain ### Numbering Prefixes | Number | Prefix | | --- | --- | | aa | | ## General Naming Techniques ### Naming Complex Substituents - https://www.organicchemistrytutor.com/topic/naming-complex-substituents/ - ### The Formal Fellows (Basic Common Names) > These guys are keeping it classy with a hydrogen substituent, they don't got the time for a new carbon chain to be weighing them down. The `'R'` substituent within [[functional groups]] can represent either *hydrogen* or *alkyl* (beginning of a new carbon chain) substituents Generally, the prefix `form-` or `formic` is used: - formaldehyde (aldehyde) - formic acid (carboxylic acid) ## Naming Specific Functional Groups - [[Naming Alcohols (IUPAC)]] - [[Naming Hydrocarbons (IUPAC)]] - [[Naming Ethers and Epoxides (IUPAC)]] ### Naming Cycloalkanes You want to have lower numbers when numbering all of the substituents within the molecule `Prefix + Cyclo- + Parent + Suffix` - When there are multiple substituents Prefixes (di, tri, tetra, penta, and hexa) are not included as part of the alphabetization scheme--- Same direction (`cis-`) Different directions (`trans-`) ### Bicycloalkanes For fused bridge bicycloalkanes you start number carbons from one of the fused carbons (not the always the one with the closest substituent) $[a.b.c]$ $a$ = bicyclo[3.2.1] ## Additional Naming Systems - [[E-Z System]] - [[R/S Configuration]]