> [!info]- Note Disclaimer > > This note contains information on … > > > --- > > For information on the actual steps of protein synthesis (i.e. initiation → elongation → termination), see: [[Steps of Protein Synthesis]] # Translation Codons are a 3 base long sequence of mRNA that matches with a complement sequence on a tRNA molecule inside ribosomes during [[Translation|protein synthesis]]. ![[Pasted image 20250228204558.png|225]] ## The Genetic Code > [!info]+ The Genetic Code > > > > Each of these codons codes for specific [[Amino Acids]], all of which have been experimentally determined and placed into a magnum opus table of biology known as **"The Genetic Code"**. > > ![[Translation.png|375]] > > > tRNA molecules are known as **isoaccepting** if they carry the same amino acid but different anti-codon sequences (a.k.a. **synonymous codons**). > > > ### Wobble Bases ### Discovery of The Genetic Code - The enzyme **polynucleotide phosphorylase** could be used to synthesize RNA templates that would code for protein polymers in cell extracts of E. coli - It does not require a template and uses ribonucleotie diphosphates (NDPs) to make polymers of RNA ## Exceptions to The Genetic Code A phenomenon called **codon bias** has been observed, where some codons for a particular amino acid (which has multiple potential codons) are used more frequently than others. - The tRNA for the frequently used codons are often present in significantly higher concentrations ### Mitochondrial tRNAs